From Cairo onto Memphis (the ancient capital) to visit the Great Step Pyramid. We lunched by the Nile and then visited the massive statue of Ramses I, then to a carpet factory. All the various factories and shops that we visit pay 30% commission to the tour company for introducing their groups. Many of our co-tourists have been buying up big. That is probably why the Grand Tour of Egypt is such good value. They probably make more on the commissions than the tour fees. Fortunately, we have hardly bought anything.